Android App Bundle扫盲

2019-10-21 小文字

背景
AAB用途
AAB环境要求
AAB Dynamic Delivery动态分发
Dynamic feature Module动态功能模块
split APKs的类型、组成
aab split配置
bundletool作用
bundletool生成apks操作
生成的apks分类情况
创建动态模块
创建动态模块生成的配置
Module manifest配置
参考

背景

Google Play支持以aab格式上传应用包，结果Android 5.0系统支持多apk的安装，aab方案成为了官方支持的一种模块动态化解决方案。

下面基于Google的文档信息，整理了aab需要了解的概念。

AAB用途

The Android App Bundle is a new upload format that includes all your app’s compiled code and resources, but defers APK generation and signing to Google Play. Google 开发的一种新的用于Google Play市场的文件上传格式，包含代码和资源，开发者无需手动针对不同维度上传split apk

AAB环境要求

Android Studio 3.2+，Android 5.0(API level 21)以上支持AAB动态分发， Android 4.4 (API level 20)及以下需要开启fusing能力，即生成并安装完整apk

AAB Dynamic Delivery动态分发

基于aab压缩包，Play可以根据目标设备生成差异化的apk安装包（如设备密度xh/xxh, 语言，cpu架构），用户可以获得更小的，精简的安装包

Dynamic feature Module动态功能模块

借助动态分发，独立的功能模块可以在运行期间动态下发安装，无需在apk下载安装时即包含

split APKs的类型、组成

Base apk 基础包，包含基础能力，可作为其他split apk的依赖库被引用，初始安装即携带
Configuration apks 包括Local语言， Screen density屏幕密度，CPU architecture架构
Feature apks 非安装时必要的功能，可以使用时动态下发的其他业务模块apk

aab split配置

在andorid模块呢，配置需要split的维度，实际打bundle时默认不写也可以生成

bundle {
   language {
       enableSplit = true
   }
   density {
       enableSplit = true
   }
   abi {
       enableSplit = true
   }
}

bundletool作用

用于测试Android App Bundle，也可以通过Google Play后台上传测试，都是用bundletool

bundletool生成apks操作

bundletool build-apks --bundle=<path to .aab> --output=<out.apks>

只需要两个参数，–bundle表示aab的路径，–output表示名，产出也是一个zip包，将生成一个全量的apks，也可以指定设备生成apks，参数为–connected-device，如果有多少连接设备，通过–device-id=serial-id指定设备号

示例：

java -jar ~/Downloads/bundletool-all-0.3.3.jar build-apks --bundle=./app/build/outputs/bundle/debug/bundle.aab --output=out.apks

全量apks内部结构

aven-mac-pro-2:debug aven$ unzip -l out.apks 
Archive:  out.apks
  Length      Date    Time    Name
---------  ---------- -----   ----
  2579975  01-01-1980 00:00   standalones/standalone-hdpi.apk
  2617461  01-01-1980 00:00   standalones/standalone-tvdpi.apk
  2573656  01-01-1980 00:00   standalones/standalone-ldpi.apk
  2573159  01-01-1980 00:00   standalones/standalone-mdpi.apk
     6480  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/dynamicfeature-ldpi.apk
     6482  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/dynamicfeature-mdpi.apk
     6474  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/dynamicfeature-hdpi.apk
     6477  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/dynamicfeature-xhdpi.apk
     6484  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/dynamicfeature-xxhdpi.apk
     6477  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/dynamicfeature-xxxhdpi.apk
     6461  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/dynamicfeature-tvdpi.apk
    16223  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/dynamicfeature-master.apk
    14786  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-ldpi.apk
    15536  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-mdpi.apk
    52492  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-hdpi.apk
    57723  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-xhdpi.apk
    69091  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-xxhdpi.apk
    74011  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-xxxhdpi.apk
    59938  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-tvdpi.apk
  2601500  01-01-1980 00:00   standalones/standalone-xxxhdpi.apk
  2596585  01-01-1980 00:00   standalones/standalone-xxhdpi.apk
     9530  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-ca.apk
     9472  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-da.apk
  2585227  01-01-1980 00:00   standalones/standalone-xhdpi.apk
     9735  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-fa.apk
     9550  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-ja.apk
     9923  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-ka.apk
     9707  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-pa.apk
    10163  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-ta.apk
     9471  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-nb.apk
     9740  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-be.apk
     9556  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-de.apk
    10133  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-ne.apk
    10034  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-te.apk
     9470  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-af.apk
     9772  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-bg.apk
     9771  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-th.apk
     9508  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-fi.apk
     9933  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-si.apk
     9878  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-hi.apk
     9599  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-vi.apk
     9705  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-kk.apk
     9799  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-mk.apk
     9581  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-sk.apk
     9722  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-uk.apk
     9840  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-el.apk
     9550  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-gl.apk
    10148  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-ml.apk
     9545  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-nl.apk
     9540  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-pl.apk
     9561  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-sl.apk
     9565  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-tl.apk
     9707  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-am.apk
     9877  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-km.apk
    10026  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-bn.apk
     9502  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-in.apk
    10045  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-kn.apk
     9693  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-mn.apk
     9511  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-ko.apk
     9700  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-lo.apk
     9592  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-ro.apk
     9540  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-sq.apk
     9648  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-ar.apk
    10469  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-fr.apk
     9544  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-hr.apk
    10008  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-or.apk
     9901  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-mr.apk
    10884  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-sr.apk
     9738  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-ur.apk
     9502  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-tr.apk
    10118  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-as.apk
     9573  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-bs.apk
     9529  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-cs.apk
    10605  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-es.apk
     9486  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-is.apk
     9502  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-ms.apk
     9574  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-et.apk
  2445880  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-master.apk
     9536  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-it.apk
     9657  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-lt.apk
    11333  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-pt.apk
     9557  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-eu.apk
     9852  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-gu.apk
     9616  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-hu.apk
     9737  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-ru.apk
     9759  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-lv.apk
     9504  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-zu.apk
     9517  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-sv.apk
     9509  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-sw.apk
     9586  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-iw.apk
     9682  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-hy.apk
     9693  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-ky.apk
    10173  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-my.apk
     9566  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-az.apk
     9507  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-uz.apk
    21821  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-en.apk
    11565  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-zh.apk
     6357  01-01-1980 00:00   toc.pb
---------                     -------
 21720880                     98 files

指定设备apks，内部的split apk会少很多，大量无关语言包，密度都没有了

aven-mac-pro-2:debug aven$ unzip -l emulator.apks 
Archive:  emulator.apks
  Length      Date    Time    Name
---------  ---------- -----   ----
     6484  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/dynamicfeature-xxhdpi.apk
    16223  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/dynamicfeature-master.apk
    69091  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-xxhdpi.apk
    21821  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-en.apk
  2445880  01-01-1980 00:00   splits/base-master.apk
      411  01-01-1980 00:00   toc.pb
---------                     -------
  2559910                     6 files

生成的apks分类情况

如果只有一个基础库，那么所有产生的apk名字前缀都是base base-master.apk： Contains the code and resources for the base module base-armeabi_v7a.apk, base-arm64_v8a.apk, etc.：ABI configuration splits base-xhdpi.apk, base-mdpi.apk, etc. ： Screen density configuration splits base-ko.apk, base-fr.apk, etc. ： Language configuration splits

创建动态模块

Create New Module, Dynamic Feature Module
Configure your new module: 选择base库，配置Module Name，配置包名，配置API Level
Configure On-Demand Options: Module title（用户可见）；Enable On-Demand; Enable Fusing

创建动态模块生成的配置

模块AndroidManifest.xml，其中title配置待base中，需要在模块下载器提示用户时使用

<dist:module
   dist:onDemand="true"
   dist:title="@string/title_payments">
   <dist:fusing include="true" />
</dist:module>

模块的build.gradle

apply plugin: 'com.android.dynamic-feature'

base的build.gradle，在android下添加配置

dynamicFeatures = [":payments"]

在模块的build.gradle添加base依赖

dependencies {
   implementation project(':app')
}

Module manifest配置

参考文档： https://developer.android.google.cn/studio/projects/dynamic-delivery#dynamic_feature_manifest

声明dist命名空间

xmlns:dist="http://schemas.android.com/apk/distribution
bundle打包自动配置属性，无需开发者配置
split="split_name"
android:isFeatureSplit="true | false">

module节点配置

instant配置：dist:instant="true | false"
模块名配置：dist:title="@string/feature_name"
4.4及以下支持：<dist:fusing dist:include="true | false" />

delivery配置

按需加载：<dist:on-demand/>
安装加载：<dist:install-time/>

参考

https://developer.android.com/guide/app-bundle/
https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/your-first-dynamic-app/index.html#6
https://developer.android.google.cn/studio/projects/dynamic-delivery#dynamic_feature_manifest

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